In the PerSurge study with perampanel, a completely new therapeutic principle against recurrent glioblastomas is being tested in a controlled clinical trial in which patients receive the drug or a placebo before and after an already necessary recurrence operation. It is being investigated whether the perampanel treatment has any detectable effects on the tumor cell networks in the removed tissue and whether the tumor growth can be inhibited by perampanel during the study period. The PerSurge study is thus the first clinical application of a therapeutic principle specifically directed against neuron-tumor synapses and – if these effects are confirmed – should help to improve both prognosis and quality of life in the long term.